局部快冷减少焊接热裂纹的研究

ＮＮ Ｐｒｏｋｈｏｒｏｖ认为随变形速度增加金属热塑性降低，降低冷却速度可以降低变形和焊接热裂纹倾向，并把预热和缓冷作为减少焊接热裂纹的措施。研究结果表明，焊缝局部快冷可以减少脆性变形速率和减少焊接热裂纺     

型砂水分测量若干关键技术研究

分析了型砂水分测量3种主流电测方法的原理和特点,针对传统测量方法固有的缺陷,提出了改进设计的思想和测量应用系统。其中,电阻测量采用测频测周电路转换后可以克服对测量范围的限制和测量信号远传质量问题;传统的高频电容测量存在较低的测量水分上限,采用超高频电容方法可以实现全量程测量;基于微波的型砂水分测量与被测型砂的温度、体密度等密切相关,为提高测量精度和测量适应性,采用双参量测量方法。3种改进方法都可以实现型砂水分的实时在线高精度测量。     

不锈钢微裂纹形核扩展的TEM原位观察

３１０奥氏体不锈钢在透射电镜中的原位拉伸观察表明，如在裂尖发射位错后保持恒位移，则在裂尖能形成无位错区，这个弹性的ＤＦＺ不均匀减薄，其应力集中可等于原子键合力，从而导致纳米微裂纹在ＤＦＺ中形核，并很快钝化成空洞，如果裂尖发射位错后继续拉伸，则上述基本过程被掩盖，仅看到交滑移使裂尖区减薄，从而导致微米给空洞或裂纹的形核和连接。如稍稍卸载，则可观察到裂尖前反塞积位错群的逆返现象。     

Ti形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强Al复合材料微观结构的影响

采用Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ两个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＢ２粒子复合增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３．ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）两种复合材料，研究表明，对于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，除ＴｉＢ２外还有一定量的尺寸可达几十微米的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的ＴｉＢ２大部分为０．１－５０μｍ的块状粒子，此外还有少量长宽比大于４的棒状ＴｉＢ２．对于ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，基本上没有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２为００５－２０μｍ的近似等轴状的粒子．对两种复合材料差异的微观结构给出了解释．     

Shape-Memory Intermetallics Development in Taiwan

Ｓｈａｐｅ－ＭｅｍｏｒｙＩｎｔｅｒｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｓＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎＴａｉｗａｎＳ．Ｋ．Ｗｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＴａｉｗａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＴａｉｐｅｉ，...     

中国压铸市场的机遇与挑战

评述了中国压铸市场的现状和发展前景。2002年，全国压铸件总产量为62．4万t，其中：铝合金压铸件产量为41．56万t，锌合金压铸件产量为19．82万t，镁合金压铸件产量为0．50万t，铜合金压铸件产量为0．53万t，分别占66．6％，31．87％，0．8％，0．8％；压铸机年销售量近1800台；2lD02年，全国模具总产值达到360亿元，其中压铸模约占10％；全国压铸行业中，外资企业、民营企业、乡镇企业以及私营企业合计已达到压铸企业总数的80％以上，特大型压铸企业集团开始涌现。     

Development and application of a simulation model for reservoir management

The success of irrigation system operation and planning depends on accurate quantification of supply and demand, and an equitable distribution of available water. The ultimate aim of this study was to determine how to meet the irrigation water demands if possible or to minimize the gap between the water supply and the demand. Most of the irrigation literature focuses only on the demand and the distribution aspects of this issue Irrigation projects that receive water from reservoirs, however, can be challenging to manage because the annual fluctuations in available water release from a reservoir can have a considerable impact on the irrigation management strategy. In real‐world situations, the reservoir operating rules guide reservoir operators in making actual water release decisions. This study develops a water balance simulation model for reservoir management, as well as testing it for Kangsabati Reservoir, West Bengal, India. Two rule curves for deciding irrigation water available from the reservoir were generated by taking the average and minimum stage values on a daily basis for a 16‐year period (1988–2003). Maintaining a minimum stage of 120.4 m throughout the year served as another rule to decide the release water available for irrigation. The minimum allowable stage of reservoir corresponding to a particular date of the year can be determined from those reservoir specific rule curves generated for irrigation purposes. The maximum permissible water release/outflow for irrigation from the test reservoir was taken as the volume of water available above the minimum allowable stage corresponding to the selected rule curve. The saturated hydraulic conductivity value (K_S) was calibrated to be 4.31 mm day^?1 for Kangsabati Reservoir.     

提升高等职业教育协同创新能力的对策选择

通过解析高等职业教育协同创新内涵,阐明高等职业教育协同创新的必要性,并从转变观念、构建现代职教体系和凸显办学特色三个方面探讨提升高等职业教育协同创新能力的对策选择。     

SRM融雪径流模型在疏勒河流域上游的应用

疏勒河是西北典型的干旱区内陆河流域,其冰雪融水是春季径流补给的重要来源之一。本文结合MODIS积雪产品MOD10A2、DEM数据和气象台站数据,构建了疏勒河流域上游SRM融雪径流模型,模拟结果的拟合优度确定系数Nash-Sutcliffe系数R2=0.834和体积差DV=1.63%。结果表明:该模型能基本上把握疏勒河流域融雪径流的趋势,达到了较好的模拟效果,可用于该流域春季径流的预测,为预防春季融雪型洪水灾害和减轻春季旱情提供了基础。     

Case‐based approach for supporting strategy decision making

The practice of strategy decision making proves that when the management board is strongly limited in its capacity to take rational actions, specifically in the context of great decision complexity and uncertainty, it is considered good practice to refer to experience through reasoning by analogy. In this paper, we would like to concentrate on supporting strategic decisions in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The complexity of analogy‐based reasoning has its roots in an attempt to solve new problems based on past cases from a different domain, while we will focus on case‐based approach for a single domain. Additionally, we have chosen case‐based reasoning as a suitable decision‐making paradigm because it is corresponds to managers’ decision‐making behaviour. We present the STRATEGOS case‐based reasoning system for supporting strategic decision making by SMEs management boards and then the system evaluation by the dozens of chief executive officers (CEOs) from SMEs is presented. The results of the survey are promising and show the remarkable correspondence of the proposed solution with expectations and strategic behaviour of CEOs.